Silence = Complicity:

For those who have passionately spoken out against other instances of genocide and massacres, yet fall silent when it comes to the suffering endured by Palestinians, their silence becomes a glaring indictment of the value placed on Palestinian lives and perpetuates a dangerous narrative that suggests Palestinian suffering is somehow less worthy of outrage, less deserving of empathy and less human than that of others.

By choosing silence in the face of Palestinian suffering, those with influential platforms inadvertently contribute to the erasure of Palestinian voices and experiences. They perpetuate a narrative of invisibility that allows the injustices inflicted upon Palestinians to continue unabated, shielded from the spotlight of global scrutiny.

Their silence sends a chilling message of complicity to the world – one that suggests Palestinian lives are expendable, their struggles inconsequential and their humanity negotiable. It emboldens perpetrators of violence and oppression, granting them impunity under the guise of indifference.

To remain silent in the face of Palestinian suffering is to betray the very essence of activism – the relentless pursuit of justice for all, without exception or equivocation. It’s a betrayal not only of the Palestinian people but of the universal principles of human dignity and equality and instead is a tacit endorsement of the dehumanization and marginalization of an entire population.

True activism demands consistency and integrity, an unwavering commitment to speaking truth to power and standing in solidarity with the marginalized and oppressed, regardless of geography or politics.

BDS Boycott:

The BDS (Boycott, Divestment, and Sanctions) movement is a global campaign which follows the worldwide boycott movement that led to the successful dismantling of apartheid in South Africa and therefore advocates for various sustained forms of boycott against Israel until it complies with international law.

Founded as a response to the rampant, ongoing and systemic dispossession, displacement, and disenfranchisement endured by generations of Palestinians, the BDS movement is in direct response to the relentless expansion of Israeli settlements, the imposition of discriminatory laws and the denial of basic rights to millions living under occupation, apartheid or in exile with no right of return.

Central to the ethos of BDS is the belief that every purchase and action carries a weighty moral responsibility. To buy goods from or actively support companies or organizations on the BDS list is to cast a vote in favor of perpetuating injustice, a tacit endorsement of the status quo of occupation and discrimination. It’s a direct violation of the collective conscience, a betrayal of the fundamental principles of human rights and dignity.

By pressuring Israel and its supporters by withdrawing support and capital, humanity aims to bring awareness to — and ultimately — end the occupation of Palestine, grant equal rights to all Palestinians and recognize the right of Palestinian refugees to return to their homes. This pressure also extends to any individuals and entities found to be complicit in the normalization, funding or support of Israel’s brutal occupation and 75+ years of ethnic cleansing of Palestinians.

Nakba Denial:

Denying the reality of the Nakba as a well-documented and verifiable ethnic cleansing and instead framing it as a consequence of a war lost by Palestinians is not only a gross distortion of history but also a deliberate attempt to absolve Israel of its responsibility for the atrocities committed against Palestinians.

The Nakba, which translates to “catastrophe” in Arabic, refers to the systematic expulsion and displacement of hundreds of thousands of Palestinians from their homes during the establishment of the state of Israel in 1948.

This revisionist narrative seeks to sanitize Israel’s actions and downplay the deliberate policies of expulsion and dispossession that were enacted against the Palestinian population and serves only to perpetuate a narrative of Israeli victimhood while erasing the suffering and trauma endured by Palestinians for generations.

In fact, this perpetuation and echoing of Zionist lies works to systematically invalidate the Palestinian lived experience and diminishing the atrocious loss of land, homes, culture, livelihoods and statehood experienced by generations of Palestinians at the hands of the state of Israel. By normalizing the complete eradication of Palestine and its Palestinian inhabitants, this revisionist lens reinforces the notion that the dispossession and marginalization of Palestinians (in violation of international law) is acceptable and justified when the reality couldn’t be further from the truth.

Genocide Denial:

Anyone rejecting the reality of the very real and active genocide in Palestine is not only denying decades of dehumanization and erasure of Palestinians but also turning a blind eye to the blatant systemic oppression documented by reputable institutions.

The Institute of Genocide Studies, the Lemkin Institute for Genocide Prevention, genocide survivors and even international bodies like the World Court have all recognized credible evidence of genocide — with their statements only corroborated by multiple reputable organizations including Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch, Oxfam, Save the Children, Al-Haq and Euro-Med Watch.

”The Lemkin Institute believes that the annihilation of approximately 1% of the total population of the Gaza Strip, which stands at 2.3 million people, including entire generations of Palestinians, and the infliction of “severe bodily” and “mental harm” upon the Palestinian population at large, which will result in the majority suffering life-changing injuries and psychological trauma, taken together with the persistent and pervasive genocidal rhetoric as manifested by Israeli officials, particularly within decision making circles, as well as by segments of Israeli society at large, against the Palestinian group “as such,” amounts to the commission of genocide, as outlined in Article II (a) and (b) of the UNGC and Article 6 (a) and (b) of the Rome Statute.” - The Lemkin Institute for Genocide Prevention

”By analysing the patterns of violence and Israel’s policies in its onslaught on Gaza, this report concludes that there are reasonable grounds to believe that the threshold indicating Israel’s commission of genocide is met. One of the key findings is that Israel's executive and military leadership and soldiers have intentionally distorted jus in bello principles, subverting their protective functions, in an attempt to legitimize genocidal violence against the Palestinian people.” - Francesca Albanese, Human Rights Council, 2024

“I am going to bed tonight in full certainty that as I sleep, Israel, a member state of the UN, abetted, armed, and egged on by the US and the other G-7 countries that rule the world, is committing genocide in Gaza” - Jeff Halper, ICAHD, 2023

”The Palestinian Centre for Human Rights (PCHR), Al Mezan, and Al-Haq, vehemently denounce the initiation of the ground invasion by the Israeli military into eastern Rafah. This egregious act stands as a stark testament to the failure of the international community to stop the ongoing genocide in Gaza, as per their legal obligations, and compel Israel to adhere to the provisional measures ordered by the International Court of Justice (ICJ).” - PCHR, Al Mezan, Al-Haq

”The ICJ in its provisional measures order ruled that some of Israel's actions constitute a “plausible claim of genocidal acts”. The international community continues to be bound by their obligations under international humanitarian law, and the ICJ ruling, to ensure Palestinians are protected.  Whenever we learn lessons from the past, we resolve to never again let “atrocity crimes” unfold.  The test is now right in front of us. Children are being starved while trucks of food are denied access and continued fighting prevent delivery of the little aid coming into Gaza. We are failing that test.” - Save the Children

“After reviewing the facts established by independent human rights monitors, journalists, and United Nations agencies, we conclude that Israel’s actions in and regarding Gaza since October 7, 2023, violate the Genocide Convention.” - University Network For Human Rights

Additional evidence, statements of incitement and information can also be found at:

• Quotes of Incitement | Zionism Observer
• TikTok Genocide

Apartheid Denial:

Denying the existence of apartheid in Palestine not only disregards decades of overwhelming evidence but also minimizes, perpetuates and attempts to erase the injustice and suffering faced by Palestinians.

The reality of apartheid in Palestine has been extensively documented by reputable organizations such as Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch, Oxfam, Save the Children, Al-Haq, and Euro-Med Watch. These organizations have highlighted discriminatory laws, policies, and practices that systematically oppress Palestinians, depriving them of basic rights and freedoms.

In fact, the apartheid regime in Palestine is characterized by segregated infrastructure, unequal access to resources and institutionalized discrimination reminiscent of the apartheid era in South Africa. This has only further been consolidated by statements from renowned specialists and institutions, including Archbishop Desmond Tutu and the United Nations, who have both condemned Israel’s policies as apartheid.

Archbishop Tutu, a renowned anti-apartheid activist, has drawn parallels between the oppression faced by Palestinians and the apartheid regime in South Africa; while the UN Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination has expressed concern over Israel’s discriminatory practices and called for an end to apartheid policies like the construction of the apartheid wall for years.

Findings and reports

“Israel has established an apartheid regime that dominates the Palestinian people as a whole. Aware of the seriousness of this allegation, the authors of the report conclude that available evidence establishes beyond a reasonable doubt that Israel is guilty of policies and practices that constitute the crime of apartheid as legally defined in instruments of international law.” - UNESCWA, March 2017

“Israeli authorities have deprived millions of people of their basic rights by virtue of their identity as Palestinians. These longstanding policies and systematic practices box in, dispossess, forcibly separate, marginalize, and otherwise inflict suffering on Palestinians. In the OPT, movement restrictions, land expropriation, forcible transfer, denial of residency and nationality, and the mass suspension of civil rights constitute “inhuman[e] acts” set out under the Apartheid Convention and the Rome Statute. Under both legal standards, inhumane acts when carried out amid systematic oppression and with the intent to maintain domination make up the crime against humanity of apartheid.” - HRW, 2021

“This is apartheid. Israel imposes a system of oppression and domination against Palestinians across all areas under its control: in Israel and the OPT, and against Palestinian refugees, in order to benefit Jewish Israelis. This amounts to apartheid as prohibited in international law. Laws, policies and practices which are intended to maintain a cruel system of control over Palestinians, have left them fragmented geographically and politically, frequently impoverished, and in a constant state of fear and insecurity.” - Amnesty International, 2022

“The International Commission of Jurists (ICJ) strongly condemns Israel’s laws, policies and practices of racial segregation, persecution and apartheid against the indigenous Palestinian population in Israel and in the Occupied Palestinian Territories (OPT), comprising the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, including East Jerusalem, and against Palestinian refugees.” - ICJ, 2022

“Israel’s 55-year occupation of Palestinian Territory is apartheid” - OHCHR, 2022

“The conclusion of this legal opinion is that the crime against humanity of apartheid is being committed in the West Bank. The perpetrators are Israelis, and the victims are Palestinians.” - Yesh Din, June 2020

“The law's distinct apartheid characteristics guarantee Israel’s ethnic-religious character as exclusively Jewish, while anchoring discrimination and racism against Palestinian citizens.” - Adalah, 2020

“This is apartheid.” - ICAHD, 2023

Dehumanization of Palestinians:

The systematic erasure of Palestinian history and culture is a well-documented effort that has been ongoing since the early 1900s. This erasure has taken many forms, including the destruction of physical records and infrastructure, the suppression of Palestinian voices and narratives, the appropriation of Palestinian cultural heritage and most visibly, the dehumanization of the Palestinian populace.

From the late 19th century to the mid-20th century, Palestinian records, literature, and cultural heritage faced deliberate and concerted efforts to obliterate their existence and narrative. This deliberate "archival silencing" has made reconstructing this period in Palestinian history incredibly challenging, yet the truths that remain paint a horrifying picture of the deliberate erasure and destruction of an entire population and its culture.

The dehumanization of Palestinians has been a deliberate policy, perpetuated through military operations, discriminatory laws, Israeli education and a pervasive culture that fosters prejudice. Dehumanising rhetoric, portraying Palestinians as "roaches" and "rats," lays the foundation for atrocities by stripping away their humanity in the eyes of the oppressor.

Widespread media narratives also project institutional biases ranging from depicting Palestinians solely as militants or desperate victims and erasing their normal daily life to embedding language biases around land, protests and resistance tactics. These patterns collectively indicate how public discourse within segments of Israeli society systematically dehumanize Palestinians while entrenching prejudices against them.

Visited Israel or Supported 'Birthright' Trips:

By visiting Israel, individuals actively endorse and support a regime built on systemic oppression and ethnic cleansing of Palestinians through settler colonial terrorism. These visitors are complicit in legitimizing and normalizing a brutal apartheid system recognized and condemned by numerous international bodies, including the United Nations, the ICJ, Amnesty International, and Human Rights Watch. [1] [2] [3]

Visitors to Israel tacitly approve severe restrictions on Palestinian movement, land confiscations, home demolitions, and the devastating blockade on Gaza, which has created catastrophic humanitarian conditions. These are not mere allegations but documented realities. The apartheid system privileges Israeli settlers while subjecting Palestinians to systemic discrimination and violence, with segregated roads, military checkpoints, and a separation barrier that fragments Palestinian communities and restricts their freedom. [4] [5] [6]

Tourism economically supports the state, indirectly funding the military occupation and the infrastructure of apartheid, including illegal settlements and state violence. Without acknowledging or engaging with the Palestinian experience, visitors normalize and legitimize these oppressive practices. [7] The financial impact of tourism cannot be understated. [8] Visitors who spend money in Israel bolster the systems of oppression that deny Palestinians their basic human rights. This financial support funds the Israeli military and infrastructure supporting illegal settlements. [9]

Programs like Birthright trips further legitimize the subjugation of Palestinians by promoting a one-sided narrative that erases the realities of occupation and apartheid, falsely presenting Israel as a safe and welcoming homeland for Jews while ignoring Palestinian suffering and dispossession. [10] [11] [12]

Visitors to Israel without a critical perspective are complicit in the violence and ethnic cleansing of Palestinians. They lend credibility to a regime widely condemned for its discriminatory practices and human rights violations. By choosing to visit Israel, these individuals endorse a state that systematically violates international law and human rights, contributing to the ongoing suffering and dispossession of the Palestinian people.

Further reading:

• Tourism in Service of Israeli Occupation and Annexation
• Ethical Travel to Palestine & Challenging Apartheid Tourism
• Boycott Birthright & other free trips to Israel!

Affirming Israel's "right to exist":

The phrase “Israel’s right to exist” is not grounded in international law but functions as a political demand designed to erase and neutralize the foundational violence upon which the Israeli state was established. No country has an enshrined “right to exist” under international law; what is codified, instead, is the right of peoples to self-determination. Yet Palestinians — an indigenous population subject to forced displacement, occupation, and apartheid — are uniquely coerced to affirm not just Israel’s existence, but its existence as a Jewish ethnostate. The demand to recognise an illegal state built on the erasure of Palestinians serves a clear colonial function: to reframe a settler-colonial project as a matter of mutual recognition, while masking the dispossession and ongoing subjugation of the native population.

Reaffirming this “right” without condition is not neutral — it is a weaponized narrative that forces the oppressed to validate the conditions of their own oppression. It silences the Nakba, the mass expulsion of over 750,000 Palestinians in 1948; it ignores the demolition of over 500 villages; it legitimizes the denial of the right of return, a right Palestinians hold under UN Resolution 194. In reality, this dog-whistle turns a settler-colonial enterprise into a moral imperative, requiring Palestinians to grant legitimacy to a state that continues to colonize their land, suffocate Gaza, fragment the West Bank, and implement apartheid policies across all territories it controls.

This language operates as a form of colonial gaslighting by shifting the global discourse from justice, land, and liberation to “recognition,” painting Palestinians as irrational or hostile if they refuse to validate a system structured on their displacement. It allows Israel to demand unconditional acceptance while giving nothing in return — not rights, not reparations, not even a meaningful recognition of the Palestinian people as equals. Internationally, it upholds a model where settler-colonialism is not only protected but sanctified, positioning Israel as eternally under threat while Palestinians are cast as aggressors for simply insisting they too have a right to exist with dignity on their ancestral land.

In this way, the assertion that “Israel has a right to exist” functions not as a principle of peace, but as a discursive tool of imperial domination, maintaining asymmetry and preventing justice. To challenge it is not to deny Jewish safety or personhood — it is to refuse the erasure of a people whose lives, land, and future have been systematically stripped under the banner of legitimacy. True peace cannot be built on the demand that the colonized affirm the righteousness of their own dispossession.

Liberal Zionism:

Liberal Zionism masquerades as a "moderate" or "progressive" strain of Zionism, blending Jewish nationalism with cherry-picked liberal values like democracy and human rights as a means to justify the existence of the illegal settler colonial ethnostate known as “Israel” [1].

And Liberal Zionism is one of the greatest threats because of its political camouflage [2]. By co-opting progressive language, Liberal Zionism inoculates Zionism against true anti-colonial solidarity, dividing the left and derailing BDS movements [3]. It ensures the ongoing Nakba – from Gaza's ruins to Hebron's checkpoints – persists under a democratic veneer, making decolonization seem radical rather than just [4] [5].

Emerging from early 20th-century Labor Zionism — the very movement that orchestrated the 1948 Nakba which ethnically cleansed over 750,000 Palestinians through mass expulsions and village destructions — liberal Zionism has always served as the velvet glove over the iron fist of settler-colonialism [6] [7].

Despite claiming it merely seeks a "Jewish and democratic state," this rhetoric is actually code for an ethnostate where Jewish supremacy trumps Palestinian equality, enshrined in laws like the 2018 Nation-State Law that demotes Arabic and prioritizes Jewish settlement [8] [9].

At its core, liberal Zionism rejects the colonial origins of Israel and instead attempts to frame the Zionist project as a "return" or "liberation" rather than a European settler invasion that erased indigenous Palestinian society [10].

As a political movement, liberal Zionism emerged as a response to antisemitism and the Holocaust but quickly pivoted to justifying land theft under the guise of "self-determination," ignoring how Zionism fits classic colonial patterns: displacement of natives, resource extraction, and demographic engineering to maintain a Jewish majority [11].

As of 2025, amid the Gaza genocide and West Bank annexation pushes, it clings to a fading two-state illusion, providing diplomatic and financial cover for Israel's crimes while silencing Palestinian voices as "antisemitic" [12].

“Zionism is a colonialism, not a simple radical nationalism: even in its left-wing version, it is a colonialist nationalism." – Zeev Sternhell, liberal Zionist historian exposing his own ideology's flaws [13].

Supporting the Jewish National Fund (JNF):

The Jewish National Fund (JNF) functions as a key Zionist entity advancing settler-colonialism in Palestine, actively facilitating the ethnic cleansing and dispossession of Palestinians under the cover of environmental initiatives that obscure land grabs and the erasure of Indigenous communities. Through its "green colonialism," the JNF employs tree-planting and forestation as tools to confiscate Palestinian land, disrupt native ecosystems, and bar Palestinians from their hereditary territories, thereby entrenching Israel's occupation and apartheid regime. This practice is egregious because it masquerades ecological efforts as benevolent while directly supporting the displacement of Palestinians, contributing to ongoing ethnic cleansing by rendering stolen land inaccessible and altering its demographic character to favor Jewish settlers, as seen in the destruction of Bedouin farmlands in the Naqab to plant non-native trees. [1]

Israel designates these JNF-managed areas as national parks, forests, and reserves to justify the forced removal of Palestinians, solidify apartheid structures, and prevent the return of those displaced during the 1948 Nakba and subsequent occupations. The JNF oversees approximately 13% of land taken from Palestinians, overlaying demolished villages with pine forests to hide evidence of destruction and impose a contrived Israeli landscape, which destroys Palestinian olive orchards, undermines agricultural sustainability, and intensifies water shortages by redirecting supplies to illegal Jewish settlements — all while portraying itself as an eco-friendly organization. Such actions are profoundly harmful as they perpetuate genocide through environmental manipulation, erasing cultural heritage and livelihoods, and bolstering settler expansion that displaces Indigenous populations, exemplified by the uprooting of over 160,000 Palestinian olive trees to accommodate JNF forests, an act of ecocide that supports the occupation by economically strangling Palestinian communities. [2] [3]

The JNF's operations sustain settler violence and genocide by financing and enabling the growth of unlawful settlements in the occupied West Bank and other areas. For example, it has demolished Bedouin agricultural lands in the Naqab (Negev) for tree-planting projects, evicting Indigenous groups under the pretext of environmental enhancement, mirroring tactics used during the 1948 Nakba where the JNF aided Israeli forces in destroying over 370 Palestinian villages and reallocating the land solely for Jewish settlement. This is egregious because it directly aids ethnic cleansing by collaborating in the expulsion and prevention of return for Palestinians, reinforcing settler colonialism through exclusionary land policies that marginalize and erase Palestinian presence, as articulated by JNF figure Joseph Weitz in 1940, who called for the "transfer" of Palestinians to establish Zionist control, embedding terrorist practices into the organization's framework. [4] [5]

In the occupied territories, the JNF collaborates with the Israeli government to seize natural resources, including water, for settler advantage while depriving Palestinians of fundamental rights. This partnership exacerbates apartheid by enforcing discriminatory land allocation that subordinates Palestinian development to settler priorities, as outlined in human rights documentation. The JNF's charitable image, including building playgrounds and parks on seized land, launders its involvement in violence, such as supporting projects in West Bank settlement blocs like Gush Etzion, which expand occupation and facilitate further dispossession. These efforts are appalling as they normalize genocide by presenting land theft as philanthropy, contributing to settler colonialism by maintaining Jewish demographic dominance and blocking Palestinian self-determination. [6]

Historically, the JNF has been instrumental in the Zionist project since its founding in 1901, acquiring land in Ottoman Palestine to promote Jewish settlement while excluding Palestinians, leading to the control of over 2.5 million dunams today through laws that institutionalize discrimination. In places like Silwan in East Jerusalem and Umm al-Hiran in the Naqab, the JNF and its subsidiaries like Himnuta have facilitated property transfers and evictions to establish Jewish-only communities, fragmenting Palestinian territories and enforcing separation. This supports ethnic cleansing by using legal mechanisms to dispossess families and expand settlements, perpetuating a system of domination that amounts to crimes against humanity. [7] [8]

The JNF's greenwashing extends to solar projects in the Naqab, marketed as sustainable but used to displace Palestinians while powering settlements, denying electricity to Bedouin villages. Such hypocrisy underscores how the organization weaponizes environmentalism to advance apartheid, destroying Indigenous ties to the land and enabling ongoing genocide through resource exploitation and forced displacement. By prioritizing Jewish exclusivity, the JNF upholds a colonial order that has displaced millions since 1948, ensuring no room for Palestinian return or equality, as evidenced by its role in expropriating 4.2–6.6 million dunams via discriminatory laws. This sustained campaign is egregious, as it not only erases Palestinian history but actively contributes to the occupation by entrenching territorial control and demographic engineering, demanding accountability for its complicity in settler terrorism. [9] [10]

Normalization:

Israel enforces normalization as a fundamental tactic of its settler-colonial regime and apartheid system, compelling the depiction of its occupation, ethnic cleansing, and genocide as everyday realities while suppressing Palestinian resistance and rights to justice, return, and liberation. Normalization portrays Israel's domination as a legitimate state worthy of standard diplomatic, economic, cultural, and academic engagements, ignoring demands for dismantling oppression and reinforcing Jewish supremacy over Indigenous Palestinian land and people. This strategy is egregious because it whitewashes the continuous Nakba, land expropriation, and systemic violence, isolating Palestinians and bolstering settler colonialism by undermining international solidarity and legitimizing illegal expansions that perpetuate genocide. [1]

Through diplomatic channels, Israel advances normalization via agreements like the 2020 Abraham Accords with the UAE, Bahrain, and Morocco, forging full relations without mandating an end to occupation or apartheid. These pacts favor economic and security benefits for authoritarian leaders while forsaking Palestinian self-determination, directly sustaining settler violence by allowing unchecked settlement growth, home demolitions, and refugee denial amid increasing trade and tourism. Such normalization is harmful as it fragments Palestinian society, deepens territorial apartheid, and obstructs land returns, contributing to ethnic cleansing by normalizing the oppressor-oppressed dynamic without addressing root injustices. [2] [3]

Culturally and environmentally, Israel promotes "eco-normalization" through entities like the JNF, using tree-planting over razed villages to frame dispossession as advancement. Academically and artistically, collaborative projects often impose false equivalence between occupier and occupied, disregarding underlying oppression. This is egregious because it colonizes minds by presenting apartheid as inevitable, supporting occupation through deceptive coexistence narratives that erode resistance and enable further genocide, as seen in events that cover up root causes without pursuing justice. [4] [5]

The Palestinian-led BDS movement rejects normalization as complicity in oppression, mandating that joint activities with Israelis recognize Palestinian rights and focus on co-resistance against occupation, settler-colonialism, and apartheid. Normalization activities, such as festivals or conferences portraying symmetry, are boycottable for being morally reprehensible and intellectually dishonest, perpetuating false premises of equal responsibility. By isolating Palestinians and validating Israel's actions, normalization sustains settler-colonial violence, allowing expansion of illegal settlements and denial of basic rights while fragmenting global opposition. [6]

Normalization undermines the Palestinian struggle by treating Israel's regime as normal, countering anti-colonial efforts like BDS that draw from South African anti-apartheid precedents. It decolonizes minds from hegemonic attempts to accept colonialism, emphasizing that genuine relations require dismantling structures of domination first. This tactic is appalling as it reinforces genocide by whitewashing oppression under slogans of peace, contributing to ethnic cleansing through economic ties that fund military occupation and displace communities. [7] [8]

Human rights analyses confirm that such international engagements maintain apartheid by failing to address crimes like dispossession and persecution, allowing Israel to evade accountability. Normalization isolates the oppressed, portraying resistance as abnormal while entrenching settler privileges, as evidenced in Arab-Israeli projects that ignore Palestinian rights. Ultimately, it perpetuates a colonial order where occupation becomes routine, demanding rejection to achieve liberation and end the ongoing Nakba. [10]